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Volume 14 Issue 1 (2018)

Letter from the Editors

pp. 1-2
First published on 31 March 2018 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0232-5
Rob H. J. van der Lubbe, Ulrich Ansorge
APA
Dear Readers, Authors, Reviewers and Editorial Board Members of Advances in Cognitive Psychology. (2018). Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 14(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0232-5
Abstract

In this first newsletter of 2018, we wanted to inform you about the current status of the journal. As our co-editor in chief (RL) recently moved from the University of Finance and Management (UFM) in Warsaw to the Adam Mickiewicz University (AMU) in Poznań, the ownership of the journal or the editorial board might possibly change in the near future. Currently, different options are explored, and we will keep you informed on future changes. These changes may also have an impact on article processing fees (see also below).

Elucidating the Functional Relationship Between Speed of Information Processing and Speed-, Capacity-, and Memory-Related Aspects of Psychometric Intelligence

pp. 3-13
First published on 31 March 2018 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0233-4
Olivier Pahud, Thomas H. Rammsayer, Stefan J. Troche
Corresponding author:
Olivier Pahud, University of Bern, Institute of Psychology, Fabrikstrasse 8, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
E-mail: olivier.pahud@psy.unibe.ch
APA
Pahud, O., Rammsayer, T. H., & Troche, S. J. (2018). Elucidating the Functional Relationship Between Speed of Information Processing and Speed-, Capacity-, and Memory-Related Aspects of Psychometric Intelligence. Advances in cognitive psychology, 13(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0233-4
Abstract

Numerous studies reported a positive relationship between speed of information processing (SIP) and the g factor of intelligence. Only very few studies, however, examined SIP’s relationship to speed-, capacity-, and memory-related aspects of psychometric intelligence. In order to further elucidate this relationship, a Hick reaction time task and the Berlin Intelligence Structure (BIS) test were administered to 240 participants. From the BIS test, indicators of BIS-Capacity, BIS-Speed, and BIS-Memory were determined. By means of fixed-links modeling, we subdivided variance in reaction time from the Hick task into a component representing individual differences in speed directly related to the systematically increased number of possible responses and another component representing individual differences in speed associated with residual sources unrelated to the experimental variation of response alternatives. While the former speed component was primarily related to BIS-Capacity and, to a lesser extent, to BIS-Speed, the latter one was only weakly related to BIS-Speed but unrelated to BIS-Capacity. None of the two speed components from the Hick task showed an association with BIS-Memory. Our findings indicate that individual differences in SIP caused by experimentally increasing the number of possible responses were more strongly associated with capacity- than with speed-related aspects of psychometric intelligence. In addition, individual differences in SIP not associated with the experimental manipulation of response alternatives showed rather weak relationships to each of the three BIS operations and could be considered equally strong.

Keywords: reaction time, mental ability, Hick paradigm, mental speed approach, fixed-links modeling, Berlin Intelligence Structure Test

Lunching for Relaxation or Cognitive Control? After-Effects of Social and Solitary Meals

pp. 14-20
First published on 31 March 2018 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0234-3
Birgit Stürmer, Guang Ouyang, Marina Palazova, Annekathrin Schacht, Manuel Martín-Loeches, Philip Rausch, Werner Sommer
Corresponding author:
Birgit Stürmer, International Psychoanalytic University, Stromstr. 1, 10555 Berlin, Germany.
Email: birgit.stuermer@ipu-berlin.de
APA
Stürmer, B., Ouyang, G., Palazova, M., Schacht, A., Martín-Loeches, M., Rausch, P., & Sommer, W. (2018). Lunching for Relaxation or Cognitive Control? After-Effects of Social and Solitary Meals. Advances in cognitive psychology, 14(1), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0234-3
Abstract

Meals, especially when taken in company, may affect the diner’s mood. In line with findings that mood may alter cognitive control, a previous study by the authors found that after solitary meals, the Simon effect was diminished as compared to a premeal condition, whereas a social meal did not reduce the Simon effect. Here, we investigated whether this finding generalizes across different demands in cognitive control and, therefore, applied a flanker task. Obtained questionnaire data indicated differential effects in mood and relaxation of a social as compared to a solitary meal. Replicating our previous findings, the flanker compatibility effect decreased after a solitary meal but increased after a social meal. The present results support our previous findings with new evidence that a meal taken in a social context attenuates subsequent cognitive control processes compared with a solitary meal.

Keywords: meal, positive mood, cognitive control

This Is How To Be a Rule Breaker

pp. 21-37
First published on 31 March 2018 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0235-2
Robert Wirth, Anna Foerster, Oliver Herbort, Wilfried Kunde, Roland Pfister
Corresponding author:
Robert Wirth, Department of Psychology, JuliusMaximilians-University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
E-mail: robert.wirth@uni-wuerzburg.de
APA
Wirth, R., Foerster, A., Herbort, O., Kunde, W., & Pfister, R. (2018). This Is How To Be a Rule Breaker. Advances in cognitive psychology, 14(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0235-2
Abstract

Violating rules comes with cognitive conflict for the rule-breaker. Here, we probed for means to reduce the behavioral effects of this conflict by studying the combined impact of recency and frequency of rule violations. We found that violating a rule facilitated the initiation of a subsequent rule violation, while notable costs relative to rule-based responding remained in measures of response execution. Such costs during response execution vanished, however, when frequency and recency of rule violation worked in concert. That is, it is possible to overcome the costs of rule violation when (a) having violated this particular rule frequently and (b) having violated this particular rule very recently. Moreover, we demonstrated that recent rule violations reduce the costs of cognitive conflict in an unrelated interference task (Simon task). Based on these findings, we present a revised model of the cognitive processes underlying deliberate rule violations.

Keywords: rule violation, nonconformity, rule representation, movement trajectories

Tasks financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education on the basis of the contract no. 801/P-DUN/2018 out of the funds designed for activities promoting science: Preparation and editing of English versions of articles, Financing foreign Editors-in-Chief, Dissemination of publications and increasing their accessibility to a broad range of readers, Creation of the XML conversion platform to improve the access to the articles (2018-2019). Advances in Cognitive Psychology is co-financed by the Ministry of Education and Science (Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki) under the program "Rozwój czasopism naukowych," RCN/SN/0494/2021/1.

Zadania finansowane w ramach umowy 801/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę: Finansowanie zagranicznych redaktorów naczelnych; Przygotowanie i edycja anglojęzycznych publikacji; Upowszechnianie publikacji i ułatwianie dostępu do nich szerokiemu gronu odbiorców; Utworzenie nowej platformy do udostępniania artykułów. Advances in Cognitive Psychology jest współfinansowane przez Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki w ramach programu "Rozwój czasopism naukowych," RCN/SN/0494/2021/1.