Archive of all online content

2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005

Volume 18 Issue 1 (2022)

Editorial Letter: Towards Open Science

pp. 1-1
First published on 26 January 2022 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0341-0
APA
Benoit, C.-E., Kałowski, P., & Janowski, K. (2022). Editorial letter: Towards open science. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0341-0
Abstract

We are grateful for another successful year of efficient and high-quality publishing. We wish to convey our gratitude to our team, the editorial board, authors, and reviewers and take this occasion to share our most notable achievements from last year.

“I” Always Cooperate: Self-Positivity Bias in Destination Memory for Cooperation and Cheating

pp. 2-19
First published on 12 February 2022 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0342-x
Mengsi Li, Aiqing Nie
Corresponding author:

Aiqing Nie, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China 310028

E-mail: nieaiq@126.com

APA
Li, M., & Nie, A. (2022). "I" always cooperate: Self-positivity bias in destination memory for cooperation and cheating. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 2-19. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0342-x
Abstract

A growing body of research on episodic memory in interpersonal interaction divides it into two subtypes: source memory (i.e., memory for the match between inputted information and its sources) and destination memory (i.e., memory for the association between outputted information and its destinations). A topic related to this is memory for episodes involving cooperation and cheating. However, previous studies only examined source memory for cooperation and cheating, and neglected destination memory. The current study involved an event-related potential (ERP) experiment exploring destination memory and its retrieval-relevant ERP correlates in the social dilemma game. Participants interacted with virtual partners in the game, where both players were assigned either cooperation or cheating. Their destination memory for cooperative and cheating behaviors was later tested. Behaviorally, a clear self-positivity bias (i.e., enhanced memory for self-relevant positive information) was revealed: destination memory was more accurate for cooperation than cheating. The ERP correlates were also considered since they could reveal whether cooperation and cheating influenced different subprocesses of destination retrieval differently. Results indicated that the familiarity-driven FN400 and the recollection-based late positive complex (LPC) were more widely distributed or enhanced for cooperation than for cheating. In addition, late posterior negativity (LPN), which indexes efforts to reconstruct encoding episodes and evaluate retrieval outcome, lasted longer temporally for cooperation versus cheating, which might reflect greater difficulty in binding the self with morally unfavorable cheating behaviors. Altogether, both behavioral and ERP results constitute evidence for the self-positivity bias.

Keywords: cheating, cooperation, destination memory, old/new effect, self-positivity bias

Inhibition of Return in Visual Search Does Not Rely on Spatial Working Memory

pp. 20-26
First published on 12 February 2022 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0343-y
Margit Höfler, Tanja Kieslinger
Corresponding author:

Margit Höfler, Institute for Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/DG, 8010 Graz.

E-mail: ma.hoefler@uni-graz.at

APA
Höfler, M., & Kieslinger, T. (2022). Inhibition of return in visual search does not rely on spatial working memory. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0343-y
Abstract

Inhibition of return (IOR) prevents the immediate reorientation to previously attended locations, such that unattended locations are prioritized. In the current study, we were interested in whether saccadic IOR is affected by the storage of visuospatial information in working memory (WM) during a visual search task. To this end, participants searched a display for a target letter once while holding no, two, or four object locations in their spatial WM. During the search, either a previously inspected or an uninspected item was probed, and the participants were instructed to immediately saccade to this probed item before resuming the search. The results showed that saccadic latencies to previously inspected items were longer than to uninspected items, indicating the presence of IOR during the search. However, this effect was observed regardless of the number of item locations held in the spatial WM. This finding suggests that saccadic IOR does not rely on visuospatial WM in visual search.

Keywords: attention, visual search, eye movements, inhibition of return, spatial working memory

Middle-Aged People’s Perceptions of Name Recall Failures

pp. 27-32
First published on 14 February 2022 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0344-z
Serge Brédart, Valentine Vanootighem
Corresponding author:

Serge Brédart, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium

E-mail: serge.bredart@ulg.ac.be

APA
Brédart, S., & Vanootighem, V. (2022). Middle-aged people's perceptions of name recall failures. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 27-32. https://doi/org/10.5709/acp-0344-z
Abstract

The retrieval of proper names in memory is particularly prone to failure. Several authors have suggested that being unable to retrieve someone’s name is likely to be an embarrassing or irritating experience. However, empirical data showing that name recall failures actually elicit embarrassment and annoyance are particularly sparse. In an online questionnaire study, participants were asked about their negative feelings associated with the occurrence of retrieval failures. The strongest negative feeling reported was annoyance rather than embarrassment. The highest rated factor favouring recall failures was mental fatigue. We also asked participants whether they interpreted name recall failures as an early-warning sign of Alzheimer’s disease. Participants did not believe this to be the case. In the second part of the study, participants responded to questions related to the strategies they use to resolve recall failures. Contextual strategies were reported more frequently than other strategies, such as searching for biographical details about the target person or searching for phonological or orthographic information about the name to be retrieved. Moreover, participants considered that retrieving a name by themselves was more likely to help them recall the name later than using external aids. This result suggests that people are aware of the self-resolution effect.

Keywords: memory, naming, proper names, tip-of-the-tongue, metacognition

Collision Narrows the Temporal Binding Window of Multisensory Integration

pp. 33-41
First published on 16 February 2022 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0345-9
Jun Wang, Jiahao Lu, Xiahui Zhang, Lei Jia, Cheng Wang
Corresponding author:

Cheng Wang, Department of Psychology, Zhejiang, Normal University, #688 Yingbin Rd, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China.

Email: wangc_psych@zjnu.edu.cn

APA
Wang, J., Lu, J., Zhang, X., Jia, L., & Wang, C. (2022). Collision narrows the temporal binding window of multisensory integration. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0345-9
Abstract

Collision is usually accompanied by a sound (e.g., a car crash) and thus inherently involves multisensory integration. To date, most studies on collision have focused on the visual modality. Here, we combined the classic launching effect paradigm and the simultaneity judgment task to investigate how collision affects multisensory integration. The unity assumption theory predicts that collision should extend the temporal binding window (TBW) of multisensory integration because of causality perception induced by collision. Participants viewed a ball (the launcher) that moves toward a stationary ball (the target) until they collided (perceptual causality condition, PC), or were gapped by a short distance (visual angle: 2.4 °, non-perceptual causality condition, NPC), at which point the launcher stopped and the target started moving along the same path. A pure tone was presented at different stimulus onset asynchronies (-500-500 ms) with respect to the onset of the target moving. Participants were asked to judge whether the tone and the onset of the target moving (Experiment 1A) or the offset of the launcher moving (Experiment 1B) were simultaneous. Results showed that TBW was narrower in the PC than the NPC conditions, which was inconsistent with the unity assumption theory. In Experiment 2, this effect no longer existed when collision was controlled for. We suggest that the attention boost induced by collision rather than perception of causality, might be a key mediating factor for multisensory integration in the context of collision.

Keywords: collision, multisensory integration, causality perception;, simultaneity judgment task, launching effect paradigm

Does Causal Meaning Depend on Models? A Critique of Mental Model Theory of Causation

pp. 42-47
First published on 3 March 2022 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0349-5
Pengfei Yin
Corresponding author:

Pengfei Yin, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 Chang’an Road, Yanta, Xi’an 710062, China

Email: 752638238@qq.com

APA
Yin, P. (2022). Does causal meaning depend on models? A critique of mental model theory of causation. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0349-5
Abstract

The mental model theory (MMT) provides a unified account of causal representation and inference. The theory claims that a causal assertion “A causes B” has a deterministic meaning that refers to three temporally ordered possibilities: A and B, not A and B, not A and not B. Furthermore, MMT proposes that causal relations depend only on these possibilities, and not on causal powers or mechanisms. In this paper, the MMT account of causation is critiqued by arguing that mental models alone are not sufficient to define the meaning of causal relations, and that if MMT adhered to its own principles, then its account of causation would fall into an infinite regress.

Keywords: causal determinism, mental model theory, insufficient, infinite regress, causal relation

Psychometric Assessment and Gender Invariance of the Polish Adaptation of the Game Transfer Phenomena Scale

pp. 48-63
First published on 11 March 2022 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0346-8
Andrzej Cudo, Emilia Zabielska-Mendyk, Angelica B. Ortiz de Gortari
Corresponding author:

Andrzej Cudo, Department of Experimental Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin.

Email: andrew.cudo@gmail.com

APA
Cudo, A., Zabielska-Mendyk, E., & Ortiz de Gortari, A. B. (2022). Psychometric assessment and gender invariance of the Polish adaptation of the Game Transfer Phenomena Scale. Advances in Pscyhology, 18(1), 48-63. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0346-8
Abstract

Studies show that gamers experience altered sensory perceptions, automatic thoughts and behaviors with video game content when not playing. These experiences are referred to as Game Transfer Phenomena (GTP). The first aim of the current study was the psychometric assessment of the Polish version of the GTP Scale (GTPS). The second aim was to analyze gender invariance, which is important due to the gender differences in game playing habits, motivations and game preferences. The study comprised 675 gamers (340 female gamers) aged 15 to 45 years. The participants' mean age was 31.74 years (SD = 7.75). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Polish version of the GTPS is reliable, valid, and adequate for assessing GTP. Findings also indicated that strict gender invariance exists. Consequently, the GTPS is an instrument by which GTP can be compared and assessed in female and male gamers. Additionally, findings showed that GTP was associated with hours played per week across all game genres and devices, except for smartphones.

Keywords: Game Transfer Phenomena, altered perceptions, gamers, video games experience

Vigilance Performance Declines Faster When Monitoring for a Signal in Two Modalities Compared to One

pp. 64-75
First published on 16 March 2022 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0347-7
Chad Peltier, Matthew Daley, Sylvia Guillory, Justin D. Handy, Bridget Wilson
Corresponding author:

Sylvia Guillory, Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, Submarine Base New London, Groton, CT 06349-5900.

Email: sylvia.b.guillory.ctr@mail.mil

APA
Peltier, C., Daley, M., Guillory, S., Handy, J. D., & Wilson, B. (2022). Vigilance performance declines faster when monitoring for a signal in two modalities compared to one. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 64-75. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0347-7
Abstract

Vigilance is the maintenance of attention over prolonged periods, often required when attempting to detect infrequent and/or difficult to detect stimuli, such as in baggage screening or sonar monitoring. This type of attention is characterized by the vigilance decrement: longer reaction times and decreased accuracy as time-on-task increases. Research previously demonstrated the vigilance decrement in auditory and visual vigilance tasks. However, little research has compared the strength and onset of the vigilance decrement in unimodal (auditory or visual) versus bimodal (auditory and visual) modalities. This knowledge gap was investigated in an experiment that first equated the discriminability of stimulus type at ~80% to control for stimulus difficulty and then by tracking subjects’ target identification rate and reaction time for a target intermixed with a nontarget across three conditions: auditory, visual, and audiovisual. Overall, accuracy was worse in the bimodal condition relative to the unimodal condition. Target detection accuracy in the auditory bimodal condition declined more over time relative to the auditory unimodal task, with reaction time data suggesting the decrease was not due to a speed-accuracy trade-off. Results indicate that monitoring for targets in two modalities is more difficult, resulting in a greater vigilance decrement than unimodal vigilance.

Keywords: vigilance, unimodal, bimodal, sustained attention, audiovisual

Face in the Crowd and Level of Self-Criticism

pp. 76-84
First published on 16 March 2022 | DOI:10.5709/acp-0348-6
Júlia Halamová, Martin Kanovský, Bronislava Strnádelová, Róbert Moró, Mária Bieliková
Corresponding author:

Júlia Halamová, Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynské luhy 4, 821 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.

Email: julia.halamova@gmail.com

APA
Halamová, J., Kanovský, M., Strnádelová, B., Moró, R., & Bieliková, M. (2022). Face in the crowd and level of self-criticism. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0348-6
Abstract

Thus far, there has been no face in the crowd research that also considers the level of self-criticism. This is despite the fact that self-criticism is the key underlying factor in psychopathology and that having objective criteria to diagnose it would be highly beneficial. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore fixation duration on all seven primary emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, contempt, anger, and surprise) as well as embarrassment and neutral face expression in relation to the level of self-criticism using a 3 × 3 face in the crowd grid. The convenience nonclinical sample contained 119 participants gathered through social media; 63.03% were women and 36.97% were men. We used The Forms of Self-Criticizing and Self-Reassuring Scale for measuring self-criticism, the Tobii X2 eye tracker, and the Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set–Bath Intensity Variations for eye-tracking of emotions. Results showed that highly self-critical people exhibited significant anger avoidance in attention and an attention avoidance tendency in relation to most emotions. The present findings may explain why highly self-critical people have difficulty identifying emotional expressions: They probably avoid looking at faces, which makes it harder for them to identify the expressions correctly.

Keywords: self-criticism, emotions, face in the crowd, eye-tracking

Tasks financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education on the basis of the contract no. 801/P-DUN/2018 out of the funds designed for activities promoting science: Preparation and editing of English versions of articles, Financing foreign Editors-in-Chief, Dissemination of publications and increasing their accessibility to a broad range of readers, Creation of the XML conversion platform to improve the access to the articles (2018-2019). Advances in Cognitive Psychology is co-financed by the Ministry of Education and Science (Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki) under the program "Rozwój czasopism naukowych," RCN/SN/0494/2021/1.

Zadania finansowane w ramach umowy 801/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę: Finansowanie zagranicznych redaktorów naczelnych; Przygotowanie i edycja anglojęzycznych publikacji; Upowszechnianie publikacji i ułatwianie dostępu do nich szerokiemu gronu odbiorców; Utworzenie nowej platformy do udostępniania artykułów. Advances in Cognitive Psychology jest współfinansowane przez Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki w ramach programu "Rozwój czasopism naukowych," RCN/SN/0494/2021/1.